ObjectiveTo evaluate effectiveness of clinical pharmacists’ intervention in perioperative antimicrobial use in type I incisional surgery.MethodsClinical data of 1 398 patients undergoing type I incisional surgery in a hospital between January and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively, 633 patients who underwent surgery between January and June were as preintervention group, 765 patients who underwent surgery between July and December were as postintervention group (clinical pharmacists were assigned to strengthen the management and control of rational antimicrobial use), antimicrobial prophylaxis between preintervention group and postintervention group were compared.ResultsIn pre and postintervention groups, antimicrobial prophylaxis were 56.71% and 28.37% respectively（χ2=113.26，P＜0.05). Rational selection rates of antimicrobial types were 60.45% and 89.86% respectively, rational rates of administration time were 49.58% and 82.49% respectively, the rates of antimicrobial prophylaxis course≤24 hours were 11.42% and 29.95% respectively，＞24 hours were 88.58% and 70.05% respectively，combination antimicrobial use were 10.31% and 0 respectively，the differences between before and after intervention were all statistically significant (all P＜0.05). Incidence of surgical site infection in preand postintervention groups were 0.79%（5/633）and 0.26%（2/765）respectively（P=0.255）.ConclusionThrough clinical pharmacists’ intervention in perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in type I incisional surgery, antimicrobial prophylaxis rate decreased dramatically, antimicrobial management is more standardized, scientific and systematic.