ObjectiveTo investigate perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in arthroscopic surgery in a hospital before and after intervention, evaluate intervention efficacy, and provide evidence for the rational clinical antimicrobial application.MethodsFrom August 2012, measures were taken to intervene perioperative antimicrobial use, perioperative antimicrobial use and surgical site infection(SSI) in 312 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery between September 2011 and August 2013 were retrospectively surveyed.ResultsA total of 312 patients were investigated, preand postintervention were 150 and 162 cases respectively, SSI rates were both 0 before and after intervention. Antimicrobial usage rate after intervention was lower than before intervention (26.54% vs 100.00%， χ2=1.781,P＜0.001). Irrational antimicrobial use dropped obviously；average expense of antimicrobial agents dropped from (1 165.69±756.33) yuan (RMB) before intervention to (32.71 ±119.29)yuan (RMB) after intervention (t=3.330, P＜0.001).ConclusionPerioperative antimicrobial usage rate in arthroscopic surgery at this hospital decreased significantly after intervention, rational use of antimicrobial agents has improved, SSI rate still remains zero.