ObjectiveTo investigate compliance and influencing factors of hand hygiene (HH) among health care workers(HCWs).MethodsFrom November 2014 to February 2015, implementation of HH among HCWs in 15 clinical departments in a hospital was investigated through questionnaires, the effect of HH purpose on HH behavior of HCWs was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression method.ResultsA total of 364 HCWs were investigated, 245 (67.31%）of whom implemented  HH  well. Univariate analysis revealed that implementation of  HH among HCWs of different occupations, education levels, and HH purpose were all significantly different (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HH purpose as well as HH compliance were both significantly different (P=0.042）. Compared with HH purpose of selfprotection among HCWs, HCWs with HH purpose of crossinfection prevention had better HH behavior (OR,2.17［95%CI, 1.29-3.65］).The top five objective factors influencing HCWs’  HH implementation were as follows: lack of warm water in winter (70.73%), heavy workload,had no time (61.38%), skin irritation caused by disinfectant or hand sanitizer (54.88%), without hand dryer (47.56%), and use disposable gloves (45.12%).ConclusionOn the basis of improving HH facilities, changing HCWs’ awareness of HH only for selfprotection may be an another way to improve HH compliance among HCWs.