ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in a newly built rehabilitation hospital. MethodsA prospective survey  was adopted to monitor HAI among all patients admitted to a newly built rehabilitation hospital between January 2011 and December 2014, related data were collected and analyzed  statistically. ResultsA total of  22 126 patients (male, n=12 023;female,n=10 103) were monitored, age were 4 months100 years old. HAI rate was 3.25%(n=720),HAI case rate was 3.34% (n=738). Patients in department of spinal rehabilitation had the highest HAI rate ( 9.76%); the main HAI site was lower respiratory tract (n=388，52.57%)；a total of 186 pathogenic isolates were detected, 154（82.80%） were gramnegative bacteria, 25（13.44%）were grampositive bacteria,and 7（3.76%）were fungi. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that  paralysis  (OR,1.77 ［95% CI,1.24-2.53］), length of hospital stay ≥60 days（OR，4.62 ［95% CI,3.28-5.10］), age ≤10 years old (OR,1.55 ［95% CI, 1.33-2.93］), age ≥60 years old (OR,4.59 ［95% CI, 1.02-20.59］), chronic underlying diseases(OR,1.56 ［95% CI, 1.37-11.34］), invasive procedure (OR,3.33 ［95% CI,1.21-6.86］), and coma(OR,6.77［95% CI,5.41-7.05］) were  major risk factors for HAI in patients in the rehabilitation hospital. ConclusionInvestigation on newly built rehabilitation hospital is helpful for realizing the occurrence status of HAI, health care workers can carry out the corresponding prevention and control measures.