ObjectiveTo understand perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in clean incision  operation and intervention effect, promote rational use of antimicrobial agents. MethodsPatients with type Ⅰ incision operation in a hospital were monitored, March 2013 was as preintervention group, March 2014 was as postintervention group. Special rectification activities  on clinical application of antimicrobial agents in hospital was carried out from August 2013, perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in two groups was compared. ResultsBefore and after intervention, 367 and 324 cases of clean incision operation were investigated, perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing clean incision operation  after intervention was lower than before intervention (46.60% vs 77.38%,P＜0.001）；among patients with prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents, usage rates of combined  antimicrobial agents decreased from 18.66% before intervention to 4.64% after intervention, single application of antimicrobial agents was adopted after intervention. Medication 0.5 - 2 h  preoperative and at the beginning of anesthesia induction before and after intervention were 43.66% and 54.30% respectively, preoperative medication rate increased (P<0.05); duration of medication≤48 h before and after intervention were 9.15% and 29.14% respectively，duration of medication decreased obviously （P＜0.001）. The main used antimicrobial agents were cephalosporins, before intervention were cefuroxime, ceftriaxone,and cefminox; after intervention were cefuroxime,  clindamycin, and  cefminox. ConclusionSpecial rectification activities on clinical application of antimicrobial agents improved the rationality of perioperative antimicrobial use in clean  incision operation, implementation of intervention measures should be further strengthened, and make perioperative prophylactic use more standardized.