ObjectiveTo understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in the department of infectious diseases in Xiangya Hospital.MethodsThe distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients in this department in 2011-2015 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 560 strains were isolated during 5 years，of which grampositive bacteria and gramnegative bacteria accounted for  44.1% (n=247) and  55.9%（n=313）respectively. 69.8%（81/116）of coagulasenegative staphylococcus and 24.3%（9/37）of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillinresistant (MRCNS, MRSA) respectively. Enterococcus was highly susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and phosphonomycin (>81%). Enterobacteriaceae remained highly susceptible to carbapenems (88.9%-100.0%)，and was susceptible to amikacin，cefoperazone/sulbactam, and piperacillin/tazobactam (>84%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the major isolated multidrugresistant organism (MDRO), isolation rate of imipenemresistant Acinetobacter baumannii increased from 50.0% in 2011 to 77.8% in 2015, its resistance rate to imipenem was 64.9%.ConclusionThe majority of clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria from this department is gramnegative bacilli，and detection rate of MDROs showed an upward trend; antimicrobial agents should be chosen according to distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria.