ObjectiveTo investigate antimicrobial prophylaxis in clean operation, and provide evidence for formulating antimicrobial management measures.Methods12 types of clean operation cases who discharged from a tertiary firstclass hospital in  May of 2011-2014 were selected, 120 cases were selected each year,  patients were divided into group I and group II according to the types of operation, survey forms were designed, assessment  criteria for the rationality of antimicrobial  use was formulated, antimicrobial use in different years was compared.ResultsProphylactic use of antimicrobial agents for clean operation decreased from 93.33% in 2011 to 35.00% in 2013 and 2014; rates of correct medication time increased from 43.75% in 2011 to 97.62% in 2013 and  92.86% in 2014 respectively; rates of medication according to indications, rational choice of antimicrobial agents, and  rational treatment course  increased from 42.86%,60.71%, and 21.43% in 2011 to 100.00% in 2014（all P＜0.05）.ConclusionSpecial rectification activities of antimicrobial use effectively promoted the standard application of antimicrobial agents for clean operation.