ObjectiveTo evaluate the intervention efficacy of ATP bioluminescence assay in environmental hygiene quality in an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsFrom December 2013 to February 2014, the baseline status of object surfaces in the ICU of a hospital was detected, then ATP bioluminescence assay was adopted to detect and intervene ICU object surfaces, environmental hygiene quality was evaluated.ResultsIn the baseline survey, a total of 627 object surfaces were monitored，qualified rate was 61.2%(n=384). The median of relative light unit (RLU) of head of bedrails, telephone keyboards, doorknobs, and computer mice were all > 300. Before,during,and after intervention, qualified rates of object surfaces were 61.2%, 76.6%, and 90.0% respectively （χ2=142.23，P＜0.001）; after intervention, qualified rate of ICU working environment, main instruments and equipments, and other medical devices  were all higher than before intervention (85.5% vs 48.8%, 98.3% vs 84.4%, 92.6% vs 69.1%，all  P＜0.05).ConclusionATP bioluminescence assay can easily and quickly detect disinfection efficacy, it is helpful for timely and effective intervention in ICU, and improving the qualified rate of environmental hygiene.