ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of postoperative healthcareassociated infection(HAI) and its risk factors in neurosurgical patients undergoing removal of intracranial tumor, so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating intervention measures.MethodsProspective survey was adopted to monitor the occurrence of postoperative HAI in patients who admitted to the department of neurosurgery of a hospital and underwent selective removal of intracranial tumor between April 2013 and December 2014 , risk factors for HAI were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 1 218 patients were surveyed, 163 patents developed 193 times of postoperative HAI, incidence of postoperative HAI was 13.38%, case incidence of HAI was 15.85%. The main HAI site was  intracranial site（n=125，64.77%）, the next was lower respiratory tract （n=55，28.49%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that operation grade and subtentorial operation were independent risk factors for postoperative HAI in neurosurgical patients undergoing removal of intracranial tumor, OR and 95%CI were 4.352（1.878-10.080）and 1.812（1.280-2.564） respectively. ConclusionRisk of postoperative HAI in neurosurgical patients undergoing high grade operation and subtentorial  removal of intracranial tumor is high, effective prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of HAI.