ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of chest Xray film of pulmonary emphysema (PE) signs for infantile bronchitis.MethodsClinical data of 60 infants with bronchitis (case group) in a hospital between January 2010 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively, and compared with data of 30 infants with nonrespiratory diseases (control group).ResultsOf 60 infants with bronchitis in case group, 95.00%（57/60） showed manifestations of PE on Xray, and 18.33%（11/60）of whom were with mild PE（apical or intercostal pneumocele）, 76.67%（46/60） were with typical PE (diaphragm descent); one case （3.33%）in control group showed intercostal pneumocele, the other 29 cases (96.67%）were normal Xray findings and without signs of PE. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PE signs on chest Xray film for diagnosing infantile bronchitis were 95.00%, 96.67%, and 95.56% respectively.ConclusionSigns of PE on chest Xray film have important diagnosis value for infantile bronchitis.