ObjectiveTo understand the effect of quality control circle (QCC) on improving hand hygiene(HH) compliance of health care workers(HCWs) in department of neurology. MethodsQCC activity group was established, activity plan was formulated, and selfdesigned questionnaire was adopted to investigate HH of 62 HCWs in the neurology department of a hospital, the implementation of HH was observed, causes and countermeasures were analyzed, and a 6month continuous quality improvement was conducted. ResultsThe compliance rate and correct rate of HH among HCWs after QCC activities were both higher than that before QCC activities (80.00% vs 44.41%, χ2 =63.652, P＜0.01; 81.55% vs 46.46%, χ2 =39.940, P＜0.01）. The compliance rate and correct rate of HH among doctors and nurses improved from 42.68% and 48.41% before QCC to 85.54% and 78.38% respectively after QCC. The lowest compliance rates of HH moment before QCC activities were as follows: doctors were before contacting with the patients（18.18%），nurses were before performing cleaning/aseptic operation（28.00%）, which improved to 63.16% and 60.00% respectively after QCC activities. Goal achievement rate after QCC activity was 138.43%, improvement rate was 80.14%, ability of circle members improved greatly in the activities. ConclusionQCC activities can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of everyone, develop the team spirit of HCWs, and improve HH compliance of HCWs.