ObjectiveTo investigate the direct economic losses caused by healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL).MethodsAll acute leukemia (AL) adult patients who were admitted to a hematology ward in a hospital between January 2011 and December 2013 were included in the study, HAI group(case group) and nonHAI group (control group), ALL group and ANLL group were matched respectively in a 1:1 ratio, hospitalization expenses and length of hospital stay were compared.ResultsA total of 994 patients were included, 166 were with ALL, 828 with ANLL, there were 181 pairs of case group and control group, and 15 pairs of ALL group and ANLL group. Direct economic losses in ALL group and ANLL group were 13 089.0 ￥ and 21 565.0 ￥ respectively ; extension of length of hospital stay due to HAI were 10.5 and 10.0 days respectively, differences were statistically significant between case group and control group (both P<0.05). The total hospitalization expense, as well as fees for bed, consultation, treatment, laboratory examination, nursing, medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and blood transfusion in ANLL group were all higher than ALL group, but there were no significant difference.ConclusionHAI in patients with AL can increase hospitalization cost and prolong length of hospital stay.