ObjectiveTo investigate cognitive status of medical students of a medical university on laboratory biosafety, and provide basic data for laboratory biosafety management in Chinese universities.Methods900 fulltime undergraduate medical students were chosen by cluster random sampling, questionnaires were filled out in by them.Results900 questionnaires were distributed, 877 (98.21%) valid questionnaires were obtained, 49.03% (n=430) were from sophomores, 50.97%（n=447）from juniors，148（16.88%）students have ever participated in students’ scientific research. The overall awareness rate of laboratory biosafety was 58.72%, only 32.16% of students understood the detailed contents of laboratory biosafety regulations, only 8.21% of students have received training in laboratory biosafety; the awareness rate of laboratory biosafety cabinet was only 14.14%, only 7.75% of students knew which operation should be performed in biosafety cabinet; 28.28% of students could deal with waste according to the rules, 68.19% of students were able to identify warning signs of biological hazard; 92.82% of the students thought that laboratory biosafetyrelated courses should be set up. The overall awareness rate of laboratory biosafety knowledge and safety behavior was low, which were 42.65% and 41.96% respectively, juniors was higher than that of sophomores(P<0.05); in the aspect of chemical hazards and biological hazards, students with scientific research experience scored higher than those who did not participate in scientific research(all P<0.05).ConclusionMedical students’ cognition on knowledge of laboratory biosafety is not optimistic, it is imperative to strengthen the management of education and publicity of laboratory biosafety.