Nocardia is a genus of grampositive, weakly acidfast, filamentous aerobic actinomycetes, which mainly causes infection in immunocompromised persons. We reported a successfully treated fatal case of severe pneumonia caused by Nocardia farcinica in a hospital, then reviewed 25 domestic and abroad case reports about nocardiosis combined with severe pneumonia occurred since 2006, so as to improve health care workers’ cognition on clinical manifestations, image features, pathogenic characteristics, and diagnostic and treatment schemes of severe pneumonia caused by Nocardia farcinica.