ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and risk factors of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care workers(HCWs), and evaluate prevention and treatment countermeasures. MethodsRecord Form for Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Among Health Care Workers was used for retrospective survey on the occurrence of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in a hospital between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015. ResultsA total of 246 cases of blood/body fluid occupational exposure occurred. The main occupational exposure population were nurses (n=95, 38.62%); occupational exposure mainly occurred in wards(n=148, 60.16%); the main mode of occupational exposure was sharp injury(n=219, 89.02%）；the main opportunity of occupational exposure of HCWs was surgical accident（n=69, 28.05%）；the main exposure source was hepatitis B virus(n=123, 50.00%）；none of HCWs developed infection after local treatment and prophylactic medication. ConclusionMedical institutions should strengthen the training for HCWs about occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, enhance protection awareness, standardize operation procedures, and improve working environment, so as to minimize the occurrence of occupational exposure.