ObjectiveTo understand the cleanliness of hands and uniforms of health care workers（HCWs）while they were working in a hospital.MethodsSpecimens of hands and uniforms of HCWs while they were working were collected and detected.ResultsA total of 342 specimens were collected, 173 were specimens from hands and 169 were from uniforms, the total qualified rate was 78.65%，qualified rates of hands and uniforms were 76.30% and 81.07% respectively. Qualified rates of hands and uniforms of different HCWs were compared respectively, differences were both statistically significant （both P＜0.05）； qualified rates of hands and uniforms of nurses were both highest (87.93% and 92.86% respectively), followed by doctors (75.86% and 87.72% respectively）, while medical auxiliary persons were the lowest（64.91% and 62.50% respectively）. Correlation analysis between qualified rates of hands and uniforms of HCWs in general wards showed that the correlation coefficient was 0.930 (P<0.01).ConclusionCleanliness of hands and uniforms of HCWs needs to be further improved, especially medical auxiliary persons; cleaning frequency and cleanliness standard of HCWs’ uniforms needed to be studied further.