ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of central lineassociated bloodstream infection（CLABSI） among critically ill children, and provide basis for making preventive and control measures. MethodsProspective surveillance was performed to monitor CLABSI among children (including neonates) with central lines in 7 children’s intensive care units(ICUs) from January 2012 to December 2015. ResultsOf 37 712 hospitalized patients, the overall length of hospital stay were 268 531 days, the overall central lineday was 57 639, utilization rate of central line was 21.46%; 126 patients had CLABSI, CLABSI rate per 1 000 central linedays was 2.19, there was no significant difference in the CLABSI rate among each year（P＞0.05）；CLABSI rate in the third quarter was higher than that in other quarters(all P＜0.05，compared with the first quarter，RR［95%CI］=1.98［1.20, 3.29］)；CLABSI rates were different among different types of ICUs, surgical neonatal ICU （SNICU）(6.12/1 000 central linedays) was higher than other types of ICUs (all P<0.05, compared with pediatric ICUs［PICUs］, RR［95%CI］=3.02［1.51-6.04］）. 126 patients with CLABSI were isolated 139 strains of pathogenic bacteria, the main pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.86%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.83%). ConclusionCritically ill children in SNICU are high risk population of CLABSI infection, intensified intervention measures should be developed for the department , so as to reduce CLABSI effectively.