ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection(SSI) in patients with internal fixation surgery for limb fracture. MethodsMedical data of patients with internal fixation surgery for limb fracture in a hospital from January 2013 to January 2016 were collected, 39 patients with SSI following internal fixation was as infection group, according to the 1:2 ratio, 78 patients without SSI following operation during the same period were randomly selected as the control group, risk factors of SSI were analyzed. ResultsAmong 4 125 patients undergoing internal fixation surgery, incidence of SSI was 0.95% (n=39), the positive rate of bacterial culture in infection group was 87.2% (34/39), a total of 38 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 22 were grampositive strains (57.9%), 15（39.5%）were gramnegative strains，1（2.6%） was fungi，Staphylococcus aureus was the main pathogenic bacteria (47.4%), and there were 20 isolates of multidrugresistant organisms. Univariate analysis showed that infection group and control group was significantly different in the following aspects: combined underlying diseases, time from injury to operation≥8 hours, open fracture, multiple fracture, duration of operation≥180 minutes, intraoperative blood loss≥400 mL, allogeneic blood transfusion, duration of postoperative indwelling drainage tube≥5 days, and average length of hospital stay≥14 days (all P＜0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were risk factors for SSI following internal fixation surgery for fracture: time from injury to operation≥8 hours, open fracture, duration of operation≥180 minutes, duration of postoperative indwelling drainage tube≥5 days, and average length of hospital stay≥14 days (all P＜0.05）. ConclusionRisk factors for SSI in patients with internal fixation surgery for limb fracture are multiple, reducing risk factors has a positive effect on decreasing the incidence of SSI and improving the cure rate.