ObjectiveTo understand the awareness rate of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) prevention and control among residents in Beijing, so as to provide basis for giving publicity on knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control. MethodsResidents in Beijing were randomly selected for questionnaire survey, the main content of questionnaire included “The 2006 national survey on knowledge, attitudes and practice about tuberculosis prevention and control”, the core knowledge of pulmonary TB prevention and control, as well as the related symptoms of suspected tuberculosis were also included. ResultsA total of 520 questionnaires were collected, 503 of which were qualified, the effective rate was 96.73%. Among respondents, the total awareness rate of five core knowledge about pulmonary TB prevention and control was 40.87%, 78.93% of the respondents knew that pulmonary TB was a chronic respiratory infectious disease which could seriously damage people’s health，48.51% knew that the majority of patients with pulmonary TB could be cured as long as they persisted in correct treatment, only 19.68% knew that examination and treatment of pulmonary TB in the county (district) level TB control institutions could enjoyed national free policy. Nearly 53.48% of respondents knew 4 or more suspected pulmonary TB symptoms, only 7.36% of respondents could recognize all eight symptoms of pulmonary TB. ConclusionResidents in Beijing have low awareness of pulmonary TB prevention and control knowledge. If patients in the early stage of pulmonary TB can not identify symptoms, it is not only delay treatment and increase the spread of tuberculosis, but also induce the transmission of multidrugresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, so produce more challenges to pulmonary TB prevention and control.