ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of healthcareassociated infection（HAI）in hospitals in Yunnan Province in 2015, and provide basis for formulating HAI control measures. MethodsA crosssectional survey on HAI prevalence rate , antimicrobial use，and pathogenic detection in 116 hospitals in Yunnan Province were conducted by combined methods of bedside survey and medical record reviewing. ResultsA total of 64 386 hospitalized patients participated in the survey, the prevalence rate of HAI was 2.11%(n=1 357), and case prevalence rate was 2.29%(n=1 476).  Difference in prevalence rates of HAI, antimicrobial usage rates, and pathogenic  detection among hospitals of different beds were all significant（all  P ＜0.01）.  The top 3 departments of HAI distribution were intensive care units(20.99%), burn departments（8.00%）, and hematology departments (7.34%) ; the main infection site was lower respiratory tract(42.68%);  HAI mainly caused by gramnegative bacteria（69.28%）, the major were Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial usage rate at the survey day was 35.62 %, bacterial detection rate in patients receiving therapeutic antimicrobial use was 59.56%.  ConclusionThe crosssectional survey on prevalence of HAI is helpful for understanding the current status of HAI, calculation of the percentile distribution of each index can promote selfevaluation for HAIrelated work in each hospital.
［Key words］healthcareassociated infection; crosssectional survey; prevalence rate; antimicrobial agent; pathogen