ObjectiveTo understand the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in Suzhou City, analyze the relevant factors that influencing cleaning effect. MethodsA crosssectional study was performed with the proportional system sampling method, questionnaires were adopted to investigate the cleaning location, cleaning method and process of dental handpieces, the ATP fluorescence detection method was conducted to detect cleaning quality. ResultsIn 10 administrative regions of this city, a total of 72 medical institutions were selected, 25 were public medical oral diagnosis and treatment institutions, 47 were private clinics. Cleaning effect of automatic handpiece cleaning machine was better than traditional manual cleaning (unqualified rate :3.95% vs 11.96%, P＜0.05）, unqualified rate of handpieces cleaned by cleaning personnel without inadequate knowledge was higher than that by personnel with adequate knowledge(14.88% vs 3.57%, P＜0.05）.Qualified rate of cleaning: different cleaning locations ranged from 5.00% to 11.23%, cleaning equipment was inadequate and sufficient 11.89% and 7.29% respectively, cleaning personnel were not designated and designated 12.16% and 9.83% respectively, but the difference were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The quality of cleaning of handpieces could be improved if waiting time of cleaning ≤30 minutes, enzymes were used during cleaning, and purified water was used at the end rinse( all P<0.05); whether there was drying process and used lubricant, difference were both not significant.ConclusionUsing automatic handpiece cleaning machine, cleaning personnel with adequate knowledge, cleaning waiting time ≤30 minutes, enzyme use during the cleaning process, and purified water use at the end rinse can improve the quality of cleaning of dental handpieces.