ObjectiveTo understand the global economic burden of diseases due to needle stick injuries(NSIs), obtain relevant evidence, and prompt the relevant departments to pay attention to the precaution of NSIs. MethodsLiteratures about NSIs published from 1990 to May 2016 were searched from PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, CNKI, and Wanfang database. According to world bank inflation rate and currency rate in 2015, cost of needle stick injury in each study was adjusted to US dollars in December 2015, merge comparison analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 7 literatures were included, 3 American studies and 4 studies from Sweden, Korea, Belgium, and Taiwan Region of China respectively. Studies in mainland China only focused on the incidence of NSIs, studies about cost were not found. Two studies did not identify studied population, the remaining 5 studies were about all staff in the medical institutions. Cost analysis method: Of 7 literatures, 3 were firsthand data analysis, 4 were derived from the model. Scope of cost research：4 studies estimated the direct cost，2 calculated direct and indirect cost respectively, only 1 study estimated the summation of direct and indirect cost. The total cost per injury (direct cost + indirect cost) was $747-$2 173, direct and indirect cost were $167-$617 and $322-$455 respectively.ConclusionGlobal economic burden of NSIs is heavy and still undervalued; NSIs occur frequently in China, but attention is inadequate, research on economic burden is lacking, relevant departments should pay attention to the prevention and followup treatment process of NSIs.