ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors of surgical site infection(SSI) in patients undergoing selective brain tumor resection, and provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment．MethodsPatients who underwent selective brain tumor resection in the neurosurgery department of a hospital during AprilSeptember 2013 and AprilSeptember 2014 were monitored prospectively, monitoring programme and individualized questionnaire were formulated, the basic data, operation condition, postoperative symptoms/signs, laboratory test results, infectionrelated factors, and antimicrobial use in patients were collected, risk factors for infection were analyzed. ResultsA total of 205 patients were investigated, 23 (11.22%) of whom had SSI; univariate analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), NNIS score, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage were related to the occurrence of SSI(all P<0.05); logistic regression analysis showed that high NNIS score and cerebrospinal fluid leakage were independent risk factors for SSI in patients undergoing selective brain tumor resection(both P<0.05). ConclusionIncidence of SSI is higher in patients with selective brain tumor resection, corresponding preventive measures should be taken according to different risk factors including cerebrospinal fluid leakage.