ObjectiveTo study the isolation and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from patients with brain damage in hyperbaric oxygenation department, so as to provide reference for clinical antiinfective treatment. MethodsBacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of pathogens isolated from blood, sputum, and urine specimens of 975 patients with brain damage in the hyperbaric oxygenation department of a hospital between January 2013 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsA total of 1 328 strains of pathogens were detected, 877 (66.04%) of which were gramnegative bacteria, 213(16.04%) were grampositive bacteria, and 238(17.92%) were fungi. The top five isolated pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans. Specimens mainly isolated from sputum and urine, accounting for 58.59% and 35.24% respectively, resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli to imipenem were 16.67%, 81.82%, 82.44%, and 4.65% respectively. Vancomycinresistant strains was not found among grampositive bacteria, resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis to most antimicrobial agents were lower than those of Enterococcus faecium. ConclusionRespiratory and urinary tract infection account for most of the infection in patients with brain damage in hyperbaric oxygenation department, gramnegative bacteria are the predominant pathogens causing infection.