ObjectiveTo explore the cleaning status and cleaning quality of dental handpieces in various types of medical institutions in Suzhou City. MethodsOn October 2631, 2015, dental clinics in the whole city were sampled according to crosssectional survey and proportional sampling method, the cleaning quality of dental handpieces in each clinic was detected by ATP bioluminescence assay. Results72 medical institutions, 201 handpieces, 402 samples in 10 administrative regions of the city were sampled, 42 samples was unqualified, unqualified rate was 10.45%, unqualified rate of cleaning of dental handpiece surface was higher than waterline of dental handpiece(17.91% vs 2.99%, P＜0.05). Cleaning quality of dental handpieces in different grades of medical institutions was different(P<0.05), tertiary medical institutions were all qualified, medical institutions without grade was 14.45%. According to the classification based on name of different medical institutions, cleaning quality of handpieces was statistically significant(P<0.05), cleaning efficacy of dental handpieces in department of stomatology of public hospitals was best(unqualified rate was 4.31%), while private dental clinics had the worst cleaning efficacy(unqualified rate was 13.81%). ConclusionEducation and training of dental handpieces cleaning in the whole city should be strengthened, especially the management of cleaning of dental handpieces in low grade and private dental clinics.