ObjectiveTo study the effect of application of plandocheckact (PDCA) on reducing the incidence of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in department of neurosurgery. MethodsQuality control circle activity group was established, programme of activities was formulated, four stages and ten steps of PDCA were adopted, incidences of HAI in department of neurosurgery before (SeptemberNovember 2015) and after (MayJuly 2016) the implementation of PDCA were observed, causes were analyzed based on implementation of hand hygiene, aseptic technique manipulation, and environmental sanitation, countermeasures were found out, and continuous quality improvement was performed for 6 months.ResultsComparison between before and after implementation of PDCA was conducted, incidence of HAI in department of nerosurgery decreased from 10.9% to 5.8%, difference was significant（P＜0.05）, control rate was 100%, incidence of HAI dropped by 46.8%; hand hygiene implementation rate increased from 27.2% to 76.9%, aseptic technique implementation rate increased from 76.0% to 96.9%, environmental sanitation increased from 51.0% to 90.0%, differences before and after implementation were all statistically significant(all P<0.001). ConclusionQuality control circle activities implemented jointly by multiple departments can reduce the incidence of HAI in department of neurosurgery, rules can be observed, measures can be further improved, it is worthy of clinical application.