ObjectiveTo investigate prevalence of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) and communityassociated infection(CAI) in hospitalized patients in Hebei Province. MethodsA certain day from August 17 to August 28, 2015 was selected as the survey day, unified questionnaires were formulated, the prevalence of HAI and CAI in hospitalized patients in secondary and above comprehensive hospitals in Hebei Province was surveyed, pathogens causing infection were analyzed and compared. ResultsA total of 65 065 patients in 253 hospitals were surveyed, prevalence rates of HAI and CAI were 2.89% and 16.84% respectively. The top three sites of HAI were respiratory tract(61.32%), urinary tract(12.49%), and surgical site(9.83%), the top three sites of CAI were respiratory tract (56.70%), urinary tract(10.89%), and gastrointestinal tract(8.35%). Distribution of sites of HAI and CAI was significantly different(P<0.01). The top 5 pathogens were of the same species, but ranked differently, the main bacteria causing HAI was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(22.69%), CAI was Escherichia coli(23.79%). There was significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between HAI and CAI (P<0.01). There were significant differences in pathogenic species causing respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and intraabdominal infection(all P<0.05). Isolation rates of extendedspectrum βlactamaseproducing/carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus between HAI and CAI were all significantly different(all P<0.001). ConclusionIncidence of infection, infection sites, as well as constituent of pathogens and multidrugresistant organisms between HAI and CAI are varied, besides monitoring on HAI, monitoring on drug resistance of pathogens causing CAI should be paid attention, so as to provide scientific basis for rational antimicrobial use in clinical practice.