ObjectiveTo understand the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients undergoing spinal surgery, and put forward the intervention measures. MethodsPatients who underwent spinal surgery in a hospital from May 2008 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively, they were divided into nonpulmonary infection group and pulmonary infection group according to whether they had postoperative pulmonary infection, clinical data of two groups were compared. ResultsA total of 612 patients who underwent spinal surgery were monitored, 43 had postoperative pulmonary infection, incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection was 7.03%. Univariate analysis showed that 14 risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients after spinal surgery were as follows: length of hospital stay≥30 days, longterm smoking, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, number of surgical level≥2, general anesthesia, duration of operation≥4 hours, bleeding≥500mL, time of bed rest≥7 days, use of glucocorticoid, indwelling urinary catheter, mechanical ventilation, serum albumin<30 g/L, blood glucose≥11mmol/L, and hemoglobin<90 g /L(P<0.05); while atomization inhalation was a protective factor( P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 6 independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in patients after spinal surgery were as follows: length of hospital stay≥30 days, longterm smoking, chronic pulmonary disease, general anesthesia, time of bed rest≥7 days, and use of glucocorticoid(all P<0.05), while atomization inhalation was a independent protective factor( P＜0.05). ConclusionPatients with pulmonary infection after spinal surgery is related to multiple factors, comprehensive and effective preventive measures should be taken according to the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection, so as to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection in spinal surgery patients.