ObjectiveTo explore the costeffectiveness of infection prevention and control of ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP). Methods12 hospitals in Jiangsu Province were chosen, a 1∶1 matched casecontrol multicenter study was adopted. The rate difference was calculated by Meta analysis. ResultsA total of 255 cases and controls were enrolled in this study. The study found that each VAP patient had to spend additional 103 799.00 yuan, stay in ICU for extra 11.72 days, and in hospital for extra 15.53 days. On the basis of the price index of different years, compared with 2014, 2015 saved 36 million yuan for patients. Prevention of one case of VAP in ICU could treat 0.76 more new patients. The hospital revenue was 24 464 560.5 yuan in 2015. The total direct economic benefits of hospitals and patients were 60 883 996.6 yuan. ConclusionPrevention and control of HAI is one of the medical ontology connotation, it can greatly reduce the economic burden of patients, save economic cost, create benefits and enhance the image for hospital, and achieve a triple win situation for "patientshospitalsociety".