ObjectiveTo explore the expression levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) between Han and Uyghur nationality patients with antituberculosis druginduced liver injury(ATDLI). MethodsPatients with confirmed ATDLI in Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Shihezi University between January 2015 and May 2016 were chosen and divided into Han group and Uyghur group. By detecting the expression levels of NO and NOS in serum of ATDLI patients, expression levels of serum NO and NOS in ATDLI patients of different gender, body mass index (BMI), and liver function injury were compared.Results100 ATDLI patients in Han group and 135 in Uyghur group were recruited in study. Expression levels of NO and TNOS in Han group were (134.24±27.60) μmol/L and (33.01±4.23) U/mL respectively, in Uyghur groups were (97.10±17.41) μmol/L and (27.41±3.95) U/mL respectively, serum levels of NO, TNOS, iNOS, and eNOS in Han patients were all higher than Uyghur patients, difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). In Han ATDLI group, serum levels of NO and TNOS in male patients were both higher than female patients (P<0.05); in Uyghur ATDLI group, serum levels of NO, TNOS, and iNOS in male patients were all higher than female patients(P<0.01). The expression levels of serum NO, TNOS, and iNOS of Han group were all higher than the same gender in Uyghur group (P<0.001), difference in levels of NO and TNOS among different body mass index (BMI) groups in Han and Uyghur patients were both statistically significant (P<0.01). In both group, levels of NO and TNOS in obese patients were both higher than lean patients and normal weight patients (P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that NO levels of Han and Uyghur groups were both positively correlated with BMI (r= 0.444, 0.677, respectively, P<0.01). There were significant differences in serum NO and NOS levels between Han and Uyghur patients with different degrees of liver injury (P<0.05); NO and NOS levels in both groups with mild liver injury were both lower than those with moderate and severe injury (P<0.001).ConclusionSerum NO and NOS levels between ATDLI Han group and Uyghur group are different, serum NO level is related to BMI, and it can increase with the degree of liver injury.