ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) following neuroendoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection(NTPAR), provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of SSI. MethodsGeneral data and occurrence of SSI of patients who underwent NTPAR in a hospital from April 2015 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software. ResultsA total of 252 subjects were included in the study, 15 SSI cases occurred, incidence was 5.95%. Univariate analysis results showed that preoperative diabetes mellitus， long length of operation time, large amount of intraoperative bleeding, blood transfusion, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage were influencing factors for SSI in patients undergoing NTPAR (all P<0.05); multivariate logistic analysis results showed that cerebrospinal fluid leakage（OR=21.758，95%CI：4.132-114.567）, preoperative diabetes mellitus（OR=10.025，95%CI：2.267-44.335）, length of operation time≥3 hours（OR=11.622，95%CI：2.783-48.533）were independent risk factors for SSI in patients undergoing NTPAR. ConclusionThere are many factors that influence SSI following NTPAR, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, preoperative diabetes mellitus, and length of operation time≥3 hours are independent risk factors for SSI, effective prevention and control measures should be taken against the risk factors.