ObjectiveTo analyze clinical characteristics of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection. Methods22 patients with AIDS and T. marneffei infection were admitted to The First Hospital of Changsha between January and December 2016, clinical data were collected, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination results, treatment course, and prognosis of disease of patients were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf 22 patients, 15 were males and 7 were females, aged 18-57 years. They all presented with respiratory symptoms, 20 had fever with varying degrees, 12 had rash, 7 had splenomegaly, 15 were accompanied by emaciation, oral leukoplakia, and lymphadenectasis. Blood routine examination showed a decrease in leukocyte and lymphocyte, accompanied by anemia and thrombocytopenia; CD4+ counts reduced with varying degrees, all were＜50 cells/μL; serum adenosine deaminase increased with varying degrees in 21 patients; chest imaging findings of infected patients were usually presented flaky or spotted infiltrating shadow, followed by nodule shadow and ground glasslike change. Amphotericin B and itraconazole were effective in the treatment of T. marneffei infection. 16 patients were controlled after active antifungal therapy, 5 patients were transferred to the local area for continuing treatment, only 1 patient died of severe multiple organ failure during hospitalization.ConclusionClinical manifestations of AIDS complicated with T. marneffei infection are complicated and diversity, serum adenosine deaminase can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index, AIDS patients all present with obvious immunodeficiency.