ObjectiveTo investigate status of hand hygiene(HH) compliance among healthcare care workers(HCWs) in an organ transplant department.MethodsHH compliance among HCWs in an organ transplant department was investigated with concealed field observation once a week from January to June 2017, unified WHO HH observation forms were filled out, and SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 37 HCWs were investigated, 380 times of HH should be implemented during observation, 86 times of actual implementation of HH was observed, compliance rate and correct rate of HH were 22.63% and 53.49% respectively. Difference in HH compliance rate among HCWs of different occupations was not significant（χ2=1.003，P=0.80）. Difference in HH correct rate among HCWs of different occupations was significant（χ2=8.411，P=0.038）；doctors had the highest correct rate of HH (88.89%), patient care workers had the lowest correct rate of HH(0). Among HH with different professional titles, correct rate of HH among associated chief doctors and attending doctors was highest(100%). There was a significant difference in HH compliance rate under different HH indications（χ2=15.082，P=0.005）；compliance rate of HH after exposure to blood and body fluid was highest(27.27%), compliance rate before aseptic manipulation was lowest(9.91%). There was no significant difference in the correct rate of HH under different indications （χ2=7.150，P=0.128）. There was no significant difference in HH compliance rate and correct rate among HCWs during different periods (both P>0.05). The main reason for the disqualification of HH of HCWs was inadequate time for rubbing (19 times, 47.50%) and the wrong method of rubbing (21 times, 52.50%).ConclusionCompliance of HH among HCWs in organ transplant department is low, compliance rate and correct rate of HH among HCWs of different occupations is significantly different, compliance of HH among HCWs needs to be improved, and corresponding effective intervention measures should be taken.