ObjectiveTo explore risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheterrelated bloodstream infection（PICCCRBSI）in patients with tumor. MethodsPatients with PICC and had accessible complete information from central venous catheter registry database in a tertiary firstclass hospital in Jingzhou City between February 2015 and February 2017 were chosen. 48 tumor patients with PICCCRBSI were performed 1∶1 matched casecontrol study, the main risk factors were screened through logistic regression analysis. ResultsThere were 1 357 patients with PICC, 698 were recruited in the study, 48 cases had PICCCRBSI, incidence was 6.88%; the total PICC days were 13 953 days, incidence was 3.44 per 1 000 catheter days. No.of puncture ≥3(OR=2.05), positioning of chest Xray (OR=4.23), and without timely maintenance (OR=2.17) were independent risk factors for PICCCRBSI.ConclusionPICCCRBSI is related to No. of puncture, positioning  method and maintenance frequency, the occurrence of PICCCRBSI can be decreased by reducing the No. of puncture, positioning by electrocardiogram (EKG) during catheterization process, and timely maintenance.