ObjectiveTo explore scientific and effective intervention method for rational use of antimicrobial agents, and provide reference for improving rational rate of antimicrobial prophylaxis.MethodsPatients who received class I incision operation and discharged from hospital in JanuaryDecember 2011(preintervention group) and JanuaryDecember 2016 (postintervention group) were selected as studied subjects. Intervention program was formulated, use rate and rational rate of antimicrobial prophylaxis between two groups of patients receiving class I incision operation were monitored and compared before and after intervention.ResultsBefore and after intervention, 1 027 and 3 820 cases of class I incision operation in two groups of patients were monitored respectively. Since January 2012, comprehensive intervention measures for rational use of antimicrobial prophylaxis has been adopted, after intervention, prophylactic antimicrobial use rate in patients undergoing class I incision operation decreased from 97.18% (998/1 027) to 21.23% (811/3 820), prophylactic antimicrobial use rate in seven types of operation patients dropped from 96.33% (210/218) to 1.88% (25/1 330); rational rate of antimicrobial agent selection rose from 21.14% to 99.38%; rational rate of antimicrobial use time rose from 76.05% to 99.01%; rational rate of treatment course increased from 23.95% to 99.06%; combined antimicrobial use rate decreased from 12.73% to 0; rational rate of supplemental antimicrobial agents during operation increased from 11.72% to 95.18%; difference between two groups before and after intervention were all statistically significant (all P<0.01). Incidence of SSI before and after intervention were 0.32% and 0.61% respectively, difference was not significant（χ2=0.75，P=0.54）.ConclusionEffective intervention can standardize antimicrobial prophylaxis during perioperative period, meets the relevant requirements of national standards.