ObjectiveTo understand detection method and clinical characteristics of bloodstream infection caused by Fusobacterium periodonticum(FP).MethodsClinical manifestation and laboratory examination results of one case of bacteremia caused by FP was analyzed, detection methods of FP were reviewed with relevant literatures.ResultsThis patient has neutropenia with fever, gramnegative bacillus was isolated from blood culture, the strain was identified as FP by gene sequencing, patient was discharged from hospital after received metronidazole combined meropenem for antiinfection treatment. Through literature review, it is found that there was no reported literature on bloodstream infection caused by FP. Identification of FP in 9 literatures showed that FP in 5 literatures were identified by DNDDND hybridization, 3 by PCR method, and 2 by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.ConclusionFP can cause bloodstream infection in patient with low immunity, it is difficult to be identified by conventional method, PCR and gene sequencing can be used for identification of septicemia caused by FP.