ObjectiveTo establish a risk assessment system for healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in intensive care unit(ICU) based on risk matrix, and clarify the focus of HAI management.MethodsThe risk database was established through literature review, risk assessment scale and score were defined on the basis of expert consultation method. On the basis of risk matrix analysis, the risk assessment system was constructed through risk order, risk matrix, and risk band.Results25 risk factors for infection in ICU were included in this risk assessment. Health care workers (R=18.06), degree of diseases (R=15.33), invasive procedure (R=15.33), and object surface (R=14.69) were high level of risk; health care workers (P=4.17), invasive procedure (P=4.00), and object surface (P=3.83) were high probability of the occurrence of risk; transmission through devices (C=4.83), three catheters (C=4.67), and transmission through contact (C=4.50) were high severity of the occurrence of risk. Among 25 risks, there were 12 risks in the high risk band (LR=20), 10 in the middle risk band (LR=16), and 3 in the low risk band (LR=4).ConclusionThe high risk of HAI in ICU is that the standard preventive measures are not implemented properly by health care workers, patient’s condition is complex, invasive procedure, and disinfection of environmental object surface is not qualified.