ObjectiveTo analyze direct economic loss due to healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in patients with hematological diseases.MethodsA 1∶1 matched casecontrol study was conducted to investigate medical expense and length of hospital stay of patients, patients with HAI were subdivided into three groups: single site infection group, multisite infection group, and multidrugresistant organism(MDRO) infection group, direct economic loss due to HAI in each group was analyzed.ResultsThe average medical expense of patients in case group (patients with HAI) was 69 844.70 Yuan, while that in control group was 35 077.13 Yuan, the average medical expense of patients increased by 34 767.57 Yuan due to HAI, the increased medical expenses were mainly fees for medicine, laboratory examination, and blood transfusion. The average medical expense of patients with different infection were significantly different (P<0.05), medical expense of patients in MDRO group and multisite infection group were both higher than patients in singlesite infection group, loss in MDRO infection group was the highest (average medical expense was 121 949.02 Yuan). Direct economic loss varied with different diseases, the top three diseases with direct economic loss were Bunkitt’s lymphoma, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and acute myeloid leukemia, direct economic losses were 151 960.09, 100 419.29, and 74 298.47 Yuan respectively. The median of average length of hospital stay in case group was 30 days, which was longer than 17 days in control group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the average length of hospital stay between patients with different types of infection (P=0.620). Compared with control group, the average length of hospital stay of HAI patients with different hematological diseases prolonged by 4-30 days.ConclusionHAI can increase medical expense and length of hospital stay of patients with hematological diseases, direct economic loss varies with different types of infection and diseases, management of MDRO and special disease should be strengthened, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control HAI.