ObjectiveTo study the effect of operating rooms of two different cleanliness on surgical site infection(SSI) in neurosurgical craniocerebral operation, provide reference for the prevention and control of SSI.MethodsNeurosurgical craniocerebral operation undertaking in grade I and II operating rooms in a hospital between July 2015 and July 2016 was performed retrospective study, patients in grade I operating rooms were as control group and those in grade II operating rooms were as trial group, occurrence of SSI was compared between two groups of patients.ResultsA total of 454 patients undergoing craniocerebral operation were investigated, 212 patients were in control group (grade I operating rooms) and 242 in trial group (grade II operating rooms). Patients in control group had 25 cases of SSI, incidence of SSI was 11.79%; trial group had 31 cases of SSI, incidence of SSI was 12.81%. Nine cases of SSI were superficial incision infection, there was no deep incision infection, the other 47 cases of SSI were intracranial infection(organ space infection). There was no significant difference in the incidence of SSI between two groups of patients(P>0.05).ConclusionGrade I and II cleanliness operating rooms have no direct effect on SSI in patients undergoing neurosurgical craniocerebral operation, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of SSI.