Objective To evaluate the secretion level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in Han and Uyghur nationality patients with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury(ATDLI), and compare the difference between two nationalities. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with ATDLI in Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University were selected. Secretion level of IL-10 in patients was detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA. Expression level of serum IL-10 in patients of two nationalities, different genders, and different extent of liver injury of two nationalities were compared. Results A total of 100 ATDLI Han and 135 Uyghur nationality patients were collected. The secretion level of IL-10 in Uyghur nationality ATDLI patients was higher than that in Han nationality patients ([56.30±17.24]pg/mL VS[45.81±11.04]pg/mL, P<0.0001). Serum levels of IL-10 in patients with mild, moderate, and severe liver injury in Han nationality patients were (44.73±9.10)pg/mL, (47.39±10.58) pg/mL, and(49.52±13.21)pg/mL, respectively; in Uyghur nationality patients were (52.30±15.24)pg/mL, (56.84±13.71)pg/mL, and (58.62±14.38)pg/mL, respectively. Group comparison showed that the secretion level of serum IL-10 of patients with moderate and severe liver injury in Han and Uyghur nationalities were both higher than that in patients with mild liver injury (both P<0.05). Conclusion Secretion level of IL-10 in patients with ATDLI increases with the severity of liver injury. Secretion level of IL-10 in Uyghur nationality ATDLI patients is higher than that in Han nationality ATDLI patients.