Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of cryptococcal pulmonary infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). Methods Clinical data of one case of cryptococcal pulmonary infection after Allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literatures at home and abroad were reviewed for analysis. Results Fever occurred in patient on the 8th day after Allo-HSCT, after antimicrobial treatment, patient was removed from transplant room on the 21st day of Allo-HSCT, left lower pulmonary infection was showed by CT re-examination. On the 38th day of transplantation, patient still had fever, cough, and expectoration. Considering patient's disease condition, Cryptococcus pneumoniae after transplantation were diagnosed. Voliconazole was discontinued and replaced by fluconazole injection (0.6g, qd), cefoperazone/sulbactam sodium and amikacin were continued to be used as antimicrobial agents. After 3 days of fluconazole administration, patient's body peak temperature dropped. On the 55th day of transplantation, patient's body temperature was normal and treatment was effective. Patient recovered from pulmonary infection and leukemia was completely relieved. Conclusion Clinicians should analyze the causes of fever after Allo-HSCT, actively seek etiological evidence, and timely adopt empirical diagnosis and treatment.