Objective To explore the effect of asthma on disease characteristics and prognosis of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods Data of all CAP patients hospitalized in 4 hospitals in Beijing, Shandong and Yunnan from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 were retrospectively collected, demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics, as well as etiology and clinical outcomes of patients with and without asthma (AS-CAP and non-AS-CAP) were compared, independent risk factors affecting the 30-day mortality of AS-CAP patients were analyzed by univariate analysis. Results 3 901 CAP patients were included in the analysis, AS-CAP accounted for 5.9% (231/3 901). Compared with non-AS-CAP patients, AS-CAP patients were mostly female and younger age, inhalation factors, one-year history of CAP and use of inhaled glucocorticoid were more common, pleural effusion was rare, but pneumonia severity index (PSI) grading/CURB-65 score, etiological distribution, ICU admission ratio, 30-day mortality and length of hospital stay were similar between two groups. The 30-day mortality of AS-CAP patients was 2.2% (5/231). Compared with survival group, the proportion of male, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease, inhalation factor and imaging hollow in death group were all higher, and PSI grade was also higher, differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Clinical characteristics and outcomes of AS-CAP and non-AS-CAP patients are similar, and combination of AS does not increase the severity and 30-day mortality of CAP patients. In addition to PSI grading, clinicians should also pay attention to inhalation factor.