Objective To perform hand hygiene(HH) education and training for health care workers(HCWs) by adopting standard demonstration and scenario demonstration method, improve compliance rate and correct rate of HH of HCWs in department of neurosurgery. Methods All HCWs in department of neurosurgery in a hospital were selected as the studied object, according to the method of Dreyfus Health Foundation Project of America, HH surveillance results from January 2015 to November 2016 were analyzed, problems were identified, and the expected goals were formulated. From December 2016 to September 2017, standard demonstration and scenario demonstration method were adopted to performe HH education and training for HCWs, HH of HCWs before and after training was investigated by direct investigation method and concealed investigation method, result was compared. Results HH compliance rate of HCWs in department of neurosurgery before training was 31.51%, compliance rate of HH revealed by concealed investigation method and direct investigation method after training were 45.21% and 80.79% respectively, there was significant difference in compliance rate of HH among three groups (χ²=363.46,P<0.001). HH correct rate was 69.26% before training, correct rate of HH revealed by concealed investigation method and direct investigation method after training were 79.20% and 84.41% respectively; there was significant difference in the correct rate of HH among three groups (χ²=24.62,P<0.001). The average daily comsumption of liquid soap and alcohol-based hand rub for HCWs in department of neurosurgery before and after training were 5.06 mL/bed-day and 10.06 mL/bed-day respectively. Conclusion By adopting standard demonstration and scenario demonstration methods for HCWs' HH training and education, compliance and correctness of HCWs' HH can be improved. The combination of direct investigation method and concealed investigation method can effectively eliminate the existence of human tendency factors.