Objective To investigate a suspected outbreak of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in department of neurosurgery of a hospital, find out the source and transmission route of infection, and put forward corresponding preventive and control measures. Methods From June 12 to July 2, 2018, 11 patients with CRKP infection in department of neurosurgery were investigated, comprehensive measures were taken to control CRKP infection. Results Seven of 11 patients with CRKP infection were dia-gnosed as HAI. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR) was used to perform homology analysis of 6 strains of CRKP, two genotypes A and B were detected, CRKP strains infected by 2 patients were type A gene, and infected by 4 patients (including 3 patients with HAI) were type B gene. CRKP was also isolated from patients' environmental object surface, as well as hands and throat swabs of partial health care workers(HCWs). Conclusion There is an outbreak of HAI in this hospital, which may be caused by contamination of environment by CRKP from infected patients and hands of HCWs. Early identification of infection outbreak, implementation of hand hygiene, cleaning and disinfection of environmental surface, as well as isolation measures are the key to control the outbreak of HAI caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.