Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)-related bloodstream infection in neonates. Methods The occurrence of catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI) in neonates receiving PICC in a neonatal ward from January 2016 to December 2017 was analyzed retrospectively, risk factors for CRBSI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis respectively. Results A total of 424 neonates with PICC had CRBSI, the total PICC days were 9 207 days, 53 children had CRBSI, incidence of CRBSI was 5.76/1 000 catheter-days. 57 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, mainly gram-positive bacteria (n=20 strains, 35.09%). Risk factor analysis showed that birth weight ≤ 1 500 g, catheterization days ≥ 20 days, 5-min Apgar score ≤ 7 were independent risk factors for CRBSI in neonates receiving PICC. Conclusion Health care wor-kers can take targeted measures to reduce the incidence of CRBSI in neonates, especially those with birth weight <1 500 g, 5-min Apgar score ≤ 7, and indwelling days ≥ 20 days.