Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus and has become a major intestinal pathogen worldwide. C. difficile infection (CDI) can cause antimicrobial-associated diarrhea, severe infection may lead to severe complications such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. CDI is becoming a continuing challenge to public health worldwide. In this paper, the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CDI at home and abroad in recent years are briefly reviewed, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of CDI.