Babesiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Babesia protozoa, transmitted through tick bites or blood transfusion, parasitized in mammalian red blood cells. The disease is rare in clinic and clinicians still lack sufficient knowledge, it is easy to confuse with malaria and other diseases, resulting in missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, seriously affect the prognosis of disease. Therefore, clinical diagnosis and treatment process of a case of Babesiosis is reported, and the relevant literatures are reviewed for reference.