Objective To explore the evaluation methods of hand hygiene(HH) compliance. Methods HH compliance rate of health care workers(HCWs) in clinical technical departments of a hospital from 2011 to 2018 was investigated by direct observation method, consumption of HH supplies, including detergent and alcohol-based hand rub in all departments of hospital during the same period were investigated, HH opportunities per bed-day were calculated. Concealed survey combined with consumption of HH supplies was adopted to calculate HH opportunities per bed-day. Directly observed HH compliance rate was adjusted and Hawthorne effect was analyzed. Results HH compliance rate surveyed through direct observation method in 2011-2018 increased year by year (χ²=11 712.41,P<0.01), from 38.17% to 94.46%. According to the amount of consumption of alcohol-based hand rub and detergent each time, opportunities of HH per bed-day were estimated to be 12.41 in 2011 and 22.37 in 2018; consumption of alcohol-based hand rub and detergent per bed-day had good correlation with HH compliance rate (r values were 0.82 and 0.79, respectively, P<0.05). The adjusted HH compliance rates were 36.87%-69.10%, which were 1%-43% different from that of direct observation. Conclusion Consumption of HH supplies and HH compliance rate have good guiding significance for the correct evaluation on HH, and can avoid over-evaluation of HH compliance rate.