Objective To explore the application and efficacy of plan-do-check-action (PDCA) cycle management method in the special management of antimicrobial agents in a maternity and child healthcare hospital. Methods PDCA cycle method was used to supervise the clinical application of antimicrobial agents in a maternity and child healthcare hospital through multi-department cooperation, efficacy before and after the application of PDCA method was compared (August 2014 to July 2015 was pre-special management, August 2017 to July 2018 was post-special management). Results The proportion of the amount of money in antimicrobial use, antimicrobial use in outpatient and emergency departments, antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients, as well as rate of antimicrobial prophylaxis in class I incision operation decrease from 16.69%, 13.18%, 58.63%, and 45.12% before the special management to 7.69%, 6.75%, 38.21%, and 8.13% respectively after management, the downward trend was statistically significant (all P<0.05), all met the national requirements; other indicators, such as antimicrobial use density, the rate of specimen microbiological detection for patients receiving antimicrobial treatment, all meet the national requirements. Conclusion The effect of using PDCA cycle management method to carry out the special management of antimicrobial agents is obvious, clinical application of antimicrobial agents tends to be more standardized and rational.