Objective To understand the current situation of human resource allocation in healthcare-associated infection(HAI) management departments in different levels of designated medical institutions for COVID-19 in Anhui Province, analyze the existing problems and weak links, and provide basis for improving the construction of infection control talent team. Methods In April 2020, questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the basic condition of HAI management departments and distribution of full-time HAI management staff in different levels of designated medical institutions for COVID-19 in Anhui Province, results were analyzed. Results A total of 68 medical institutions were investigated, including 6 provincial-, 19 municipal- and 43 county-level hospitals. The proportion of hospitals which met the standard allocation of full-time HAI management staff in provincial-, municipal- and county-level medical institutions accounted for 16.67%, 26.32% and 51.16% respectively. 84.82% of the full-time HAI management personnel in the whole province were female; HAI management team is mainly nursing, accounting for 59.53%; persons with senior profession title only account for 21.01%. There were significant differences in specialty, educational background and working years of HAI management professionals among different levels of medical institutions (all P<0.05). Conclusion HAI management departments of different levels of designated medical institutions for COVID-19 in Anhui Province have shortage of insufficient allocation of full-time staff, single profession, low academic qualifications, and difficult promotion of professional title, human resource allocation needs to be further optimized, medical institutions and relevant management departments should strengthen HAI control team, promote the effective implementation of HAI control under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control.